Given the definition final double PI = 3.14159; which of the following is the Java equivalent of the mathematical expression c = radius^2?

The correct answer, c = PI * Math.pow(radius, 2), accurately translates the mathematical expression c = radius^2 into Java code with the appropriate use of the defined constant PI.

In this expression, Math.pow(radius, 2) computes the square of the radius, which aligns perfectly with the mathematical notation of raising a number to a power. By multiplying this result by PI, the code effectively calculates c in a way that mirrors the intended mathematical operation, assuming that c is meant to represent the area of a circle, which is given by the formula A = πr², where A is area, π is PI, and r is the radius.

This choice effectively reflects the concept of area calculation and applies Java’s method for exponentiation correctly to achieve the desired outcome. The fixed value of PI remains unchanged throughout the program due to its declaration as 'final', which emphasizes the importance of defining constants, particularly for mathematical constants.

Other choices misinterpret or misapply the operations needed to accurately compute the square of the radius, leading to incorrect calculations or expressions.