Which of the following is not typically required for a Java program to run?

A network connection is not typically required for a Java program to run. Java programs can be developed and executed entirely offline, as long as the necessary components are in place on the local machine.

To run a Java program, the Java Development Kit (JDK) is essential because it contains the tools necessary for development, including the Java compiler and the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). The virtual machine is necessary for executing the compiled Java bytecode, as it provides the runtime environment that allows Java programs to run. A text editor is commonly used for writing the Java code, but there are also integrated development environments (IDEs) that incorporate text editing features, code compilation, and debugging tools, making it a convenience rather than a strict requirement.

In summary, while the JDK, virtual machine, and text editor are often part of the development process, a network connection is not a prerequisite for running a Java program, allowing for development and execution in a standalone environment.