Who is responsible for identifying run-time errors in a program?

The programmer is responsible for identifying run-time errors in a program. This type of error occurs while the program is executing and can cause it to behave unexpectedly or crash. Unlike compile-time errors, which can be detected by the compiler before the program runs, run-time errors only become apparent when the program is actually running.

Programmers must utilize debugging techniques, such as testing the program with various inputs, using debugging tools or print statements to trace the execution flow, and applying logical reasoning to identify the source of the issue. Ultimately, it is the programmer's understanding of the code and the logic behind it that allows them to pinpoint and resolve these errors effectively.

In contrast, the operating system does not actively monitor for these types of errors but may manage resources and handle certain exceptions. The compiler is responsible for checking syntax and generating executable code, but it does not catch issues that occur during program execution. End users typically run the program but rely on the programmer to write code that is free from run-time errors.